Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay about Self-Management Behavioral Contract - 768 Words

Self-Management Behavioral Contract GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Jessica is overweight, has diabetes since 1993. Her ultimate goal is to lose weight, become an active person who competes in charity runs, and avoid having to take medication to control her glucose. Obviously, without training for the charity run, Jessica will likely not succeed in the race. So Jessica’s short term goal will be to start an exercise program slowly and safely. As a result of learning how to improve her eating habits, Jessica will begin to train for her race. Jessica’s goals of not taking medication will be a line with increasing her insulin sensitivity through exercise. Jessica has to realize what her long term gals are and then set up a plan or a†¦show more content†¦Getting started and deciding what to do first can be challenging. There are people and resources available to help you on your way to living well with diabetes. Following are some tips to set the stage: †¢ Relax. †¢ Gather your health care team. †¢ Get an overview of what needs to be done. †¢ Get education about how to do it. †¢ Share your plan/needs with others close to you. †¢ Allow yourself time to practice making needed behavior changes and adding diabetes care tasks. †¢ Like most challenges you have faced in your life, keeping a positive attitude is important. Many people live happy, healthy lives. People with diabetes do too. Two of the most important issues that a diabetic must worry about include the management of blood-sugar levels and the intake of carbohydrates and sugars. Diabetic management is the best way to address these two important factors. Diabetics cannot process certain carbohydrates and sugars the way normal individuals can. As a result, diabetics have to constantly measure the amount of glucose in their blood. Doctors usually provide diabetic patients with a type of monitor that is used to measure blood-sugar levels. Several different varieties exist, and which one is prescribed, depends on the individual patient. There are many reasons why certain people are more prone to acquiring diabetes than others are. Genetics plays an important role, but weight also contributes a bit to the development ofShow MoreRelatedThe Behavior Therapy For Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder At School1216 Words   |  5 PagesHyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is one of the most well-known behavioral disorder in children (Madhuri 2015), Which estimated all year at about 3–10% between children worldwide. A.D.H.D is more commonly observed in boys five times more than girls ( Jonna 2006). 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Discuss how Shakespeare uses language and dramatic devices in Act 2 Scene 2 Essay Example For Students

Discuss how Shakespeare uses language and dramatic devices in Act 2 Scene 2 Essay Following Act 1 Scene 5, where Romeo and Juliet met at the Grand Capulets Ball, the two meet again in Act 2 Scene 2. During Act 2 Scene 2, commonly known as the balcony scene, Romeo passes to the Capulets Mansion in search of Juliet. On locating her, he stays hidden, witnessing the declaration of Juliets love for him. He overhears her talking aloud of her own love for him, and her concern about the fact that he is a Montague, born of a family that are enemies to her own household: wherefore, or why, she asks herself, could he not have been born with any other name? Shortly after, he reveals himself whilst Juliet, above him on the balcony, is shocked and fears for his safety. However, Romeo persists in attempting to woo her and both are eager to discuss their love for one another. Theyre clearly love-struck and arrange to be married within the following day. They reluctantly part before being interrupted by Juliets Nurse. Throughout the scene, Romeos language is poetic and religious in comparison to previous scenes. His extravagant sentences show his true, genuine love for Juliet. He uses metaphors including: O speak again, bright angel He refers to her as a bright angel against a dark sky. Prior to meeting her, darkness was not just over his head, it was in his heart. Now, he is separated from the dark sky by his vision of Juliet. She signifies purity being a virgin, and her beauty and goodness. Alternatively, her angelic figure could be seen symbolically as foreshadowing her later death. shes above Romeo, theres a correlation to her being above him on the balcony and her being out of Romeos reach; this is a warning to him as he shouldnt be anywhere near her. Romeos emotive language changes dramatically when he meets Juliet; again, it is far more poetic and is such a contrast to how he spoke about his previous love, Rosaline. Earlier in the play (in Act 1 Scene 1), while describing his love for Rosaline, he says, Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate! these two contradictory phrases known as oxymorons prove how Romeos perspective of love then was simply lust for Rosaline. The word brawling effectively is language of war, not expected language of love. In particular, loving hate suggests how his love for Rosaline was not genuine, it was lust. Whereas, in Act 2 Scene 2, he uses phrases such as dear saint towards Juliet, this religious language differs from the way he spoke beforehand. The word Saint in the Elizabethan era was a word regularly used as the church dominated topics of discussion, being such a controversial subject (Catholic and Protestant rivalry). Saints are often as having halos, which is a symbol of their holiness, moreo ver, Juliets innocence and goodness. Romeos emotions change during the play in a very sudden and abrupt way. Shakespeare uses this to emphasize Romeos character, language and action whilst enhancing his emotions, along with the use of courtly love. use of hyperboles is key to this. The very first line of the scene, Romeo says, He jests at scars that never felt a wound. Romeo is talking about Mercutio joking about something he has never felt, which obviously would have irritated him, consequently he would have used a very bitter tone. This is not normally defined as language of love, especially with the body language and facial expressions the actor would have used to show this. He is talking about love but uses words that convey pain and suffering. It is the east, and Juliet is the Sun. In this line Romeo is talking about Juliet rising like the sun. Romeo thinks Juliet is the sun of his life which he depends on for life. This metaphor becomes influential to the rest of the play in that he views her as the giver of light, above him, and again, out of reach, which essentially relates to the main plot and their forbidden love. Though it is late at night, Juliets surpassing beauty makes Romeo imagine that she is the sun, transforming the darkness into daylight. Romeo likewise personifies the moon, calling it sick and pale with grief at the fact that Juliet, the sun, is far brighter and more beautiful. Romeo then compares Juliet to the stars, claiming that she eclipses the stars as daylight overpowers a lamp her eyes alone shine so bright that they will convince the birds to sing at night as if it were day. Christmas Carol EssayLater on in the scene, Juliet speaks in depth about Romeo, and his name. She repeats the word name on five different occasions. Tis but thy name that is my enemy this shows she thinks of Romeo in individual terms yet the name he possesses is of enemy to her family, and thus her love for him overrides her familys hatred for the Montague name. Shakespeares repetition of the word name really illustrates how this is such an important matter to Juliet, living with such controversial matters. Following this, she mentions, Whats in a name? That which we call a rose. By any other word would smell as sweet referring to Romeo and his name, saying that he would still be as sweet and beautiful if he were called by another name. Likewise, a rose would still be as sweet-smelling and beautiful if it had a different name, however, in referring and comparing Romeos name to being a Rose, theres the fact that there are sharp, needlelike thorns on the rose, conjuring up the image that these are signs of warning about their new-found love. Following this, Romeo pronounces This bud of love, by summers ripening breath, may prove a beauteous flower when we next meet. The opening metaphor conjures up the image that their love is young, innocent, and pure in need of the chance to let their love bloom. Relating to a previous paragraph, he needs her the sun to be there, without her, their love cannot bloom. Juliets desperate need for Romeos word that he loves her, is evident as she puts a straight forward question to him: Dost thou love me? In comparison to the nature of Romeos questions, shes distinctly fearful and in need of his reassurance, noticeably without the somewhat confusing language he may have used earlier. I believe Shakespeare has used this technique of short, to the point questions and clauses, to convey Juliets feelings. However, again, Romeo uses lengthy, romantic answers, while he swears by the moon that he loves her. Romeos exaggerated, deep language, clouded with poetic imagery in some ways is shown to irritate Juliet (looking for direct, rational answers from Romeo) as he swears by the moon which provokes the reply O, swear not by the moon, thinconstant moon, that monthly changes in her circle orb, lest that thy love prove likewise variable. Juliet is concerned that by swearing on the variable, undependable moon, their love will be destined to follow the same path, with Romeo becoming unreliable. She clearly wants and needs a stable relationship if shes going to take such an enormous, life-changing risk. He hasnt proved too reliable yet as he forgot Rosaline so quickly. An effective technique Shakespeare has used is how Juliet interrupts Romeo before it is possible to begin his speech fully, If my hearts dear love - indicating her frustration and intolerance with his extravagant language, solely wanting a simple answer. Further in the scene, Juliet is forced to interrupt Romeo in the midst of his replies to her realistic, practical questioning. The dramatic devices, along with stage directions, would be vital in order to engage the audiences attention. Some of the language used has other forms of innuendo or hidden meanings including: Whats a Montague? It is nor hand nor foot, nor arm nor face, nor any other part belonging to a man. This would help to catch the attention of the audience during the Shakespearean era. On parting, prior to the end of the scene, both Romeo and Juliet retire slowly, and reluctantly as Juliet is called by her Nurse. It is therefore obvious they are both love-struck and do not wish to part. Also, beforehand, they had say goodnight more than once Good night, good night!, O blessà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d, blessà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d night! Romeo is most reluctant to leave Juliet, and her presence. In conclusion, theres a great contrast in the language of both Romeo and Juliet, as a consequence of their own fears in such a hasty new relationship. In general, both characters change when they meet again in Act 2 Scene 2; Romeos language becoming much more poetic and positive, and Juliets being more realistic than before whilst at the ball. The forms of dramatic devices used vary for effect, but heavily influence the mood in the play, and the characters feelings. Imagery used such as similes, metaphors and personification contribute to the effect of this scene in particular.

Sunday, April 12, 2020

Ipp Essay Research Paper Intellectual Property PiracyIn free essay sample

Ipp Essay, Research Paper Intellectual Property Piracy In today=s society engineering has made life easier and about wholly machine-controlled. You no longer necessitate to travel to a Teller in a bank to lodge, retreat, or even hard currency a cheque. You can even plan a reckoner to work out for the degree Celsius value in an equation in math category. To even exceed things off you no longer necessitate to be at place or around a computing machine to travel on to the cyberspace with promotions in cellular phone engineering. Unfortunately there are drawbacks to the quickly turning field of engineering and computing machines. The cyberspace is doing more and more music, films, games, and 1000s of other package accessible. Most of it is stolen or APIRATED @ , and so put up on the cyberspace for anybody to download and utilize on their Personal computer ( personal computing machine ) . Along the lines there are even plans that let you happen, download, and utilize what you want at no charge. We will write a custom essay sample on Ipp Essay Research Paper Intellectual Property PiracyIn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To be able to make this hurts or even destroys the discoverers really ain rational belongings and they have the right to do royalties off of their thought, whether it is music, films, games, or even business/personal package. The loss of these belongingss are due to four chief factors, networking, encoding, few or no case in points, and a fast growing, in the Personal computer field. All of which have led rational belongings on the hemorrhage border of the engineering universe but has non wholly eliminated it from the market. Some companies are bettering in those country with better scheduling and encrypting. Besides with the aid of the United States authorities in doing Torahs, criterions, and bureaus wholly focused on this country of engineering. The first issue is networking. Whether its on a local degree such as an intranet or LAN ( local country web ) where merely a few computing machines are networked or connected together and have file sharing entree or as a universe broad factor as the cyberspace or WAN ( broad country web ) . Networking allows multiple usage entree the same information at the same clip. When there is an intranet it is localized to merely a little community such as a concern or local school. However they tend to be nexus or connected to the cyberspace leting entrance and surpassing traffic through the extranet waiter. The extranet waiter gives the LAN entree to the outside universe but besides give the outside universe entree to them. With 100s of 1000s of computing machines linked to each other Gs ( about one billion bytes ) of Gs of informations are shared. To entree this information you need a plan that uses a procedure called FTP ( file transportation protocol ) or HTTP ( hyper text transportation p rotocol ) . Many of these plans are free and come with your Personal computer, such as Microsoft 7 Internet Explorer or Netscape 7 Navigator. With these plans allow anybody that has entree to the cyberspace to position and even download anything they want. As another manner to have informations is through a direct connexion contact via FTP. A really common and popular plan to make this is used for music and is even under reappraisal by the United States federal tribunal system, Napster 7. Napster 7 allows you to log on to a waiter and browse or expression at what other users have on there computing machine and download anything at one time. As of the thirteenth of November twelvemonth two thousand there are seven thousand, nine hundred and five Gs of informations and is comprised of 1,907,942 vocals being shared at any user=s petition ( Napster client v2.0beta 7 ) . Some of those vocals might be free to portion but that is merely at the artist consent, but all other vocals and creat ive persons lose their right to royalties and lose money. However non all creative person are against the thought of sharing this manner, they merely work around it. Some sets are seting secret vocals on there albums and non seting them on the list of vocals on the album or doing the album an synergistic album with the aid of SONY=s CD EXTRA. These are merely a few ways that artist protecting them egos against the cyberspace. Along with networking jobs comes encoding and protecting your digital and rational belongings. Technology is doing it easier to pack, mass multiply, and administer a merchandise. Besides with the entire slice out of eight path cassette tape and long drama record, music has converted over to Cadmiums ( compact phonograph record ) . Cadmiums are in digital format what are composed purely zeros and 1s. Now that CDRW ( compact phonograph record rhenium write ) thrusts have been released anybody can copy any Cadmium they wish. Besides along the lines of copying Cadmiums there is package that lets anybody convert Cadmium sound into a low infinite format mat called MP3 ( Mpeg 3 bed ) , and can utilize the same plan to play the vocal with out the Cadmium. With this capableness you can merchandise, sell, and even merely give away the music with out the creative person acquiring one penny of royalty. Some Cadmium industries are coding their merchandises to protect their informations. Another type of buccaneering of rational DVD ( digital versatile/video phonograph record ) ripping. A DV D is non a wholly the same as a Cadmium, it takes a particular thrust that reads the different beds on the phonograph record, and transfers the information a faster velocity. Besides a different thrust, the phonograph record infinite capacity of a DVD is about 10 times the size of the mean Cadmium. With these alterations and a high encoding format a individual is non able to copy a DVD on to a Cadmium, but you can rend the film. To rend the film means to copy the image in a lower quality and different format that the DVD comes on. There is package that allows you to rend a film that is seven Gs in a film that is about 600 Ms ( about six hundred million bytes ) in a Divx format. The quality of this format is really good and really fast but non every bit good as DVD. One of the job with holding an thought digitalized is that there are really few Torahs sing the protection of an thought that is electronically produced. In the latest intelligence sing electronic right of first publication Napster is at the top of the list. Napster is one of the first companies to be charged with electronic buccaneering. They are being sued by many creative person and their record labels, and Napster is puting a prevision in the file sharing of music over the cyberspace. Napster wrote a plan that allow their users to log into a waiter that is located in California, and hunt, position, and so download each others files at that minute. This procedure wholly cut out the in-between adult male of the record label, and besides cutting off the consent to the creative person. Besides losing the consent of the creative person, the users are go forthing out the royalties that are paid to the creative person for their work and thought. The job with the cyberspace and file sharing is that there is a batch of land that has to be explored because the country is so new. It is besides a booming market and concern topographic point, but still has a batch of development and growing. With the growing of the new market country at that place has merely been a few case in points set in to topographic point and criterions really from state to state. What may be illegal in one state might be wholly legal in another, such as drink and buying intoxicant in the United States one must be of the age of 20 one, where in Europe the common age is 16. The cyberspace allows people to setup waiter in multiple states where it is legal and wholly accessible all over the universe, and allows them to host something that might be illegal in their place state. Unfortunately states set thier ain case in points, criterions, and Torahs that consequence the whole universe, but the Godheads of the music, package, or film will hold to travel to protect their merchandise better. One of the ground for the deficiency of jurisprudence is that the rapid growing of the computing machine industry, for it is merely 20 old ages old. The computing machine field is invariably turning and altering before any Torahs can be made. Computers programers are ever seeking to do plans easier, faster, and more low-cost for consumers. However there are plans known as AHACKERS @ that there accomplishments are harbored in being able to check or interrupt the codification that makes up the plans that many consumers want. They work merely to see if they can check the codification as a shake. Unfortunately it is going easier and easier to go a AHACKER @ with out cognizing who to even cognize how to plan or write machine codification. There is more and more package being developed to change over music to MP3s, rake DVDs into DIVX format, and CDRW package that allows to make a Cadmium in merely a few proceedingss. With these plans being produced it allows anybody make what the professi onals know how to make at the easy of point and click interface. However the plans are a menace the major developers of music, package, and films where merely they have the popular merchandises that everybody wants. But the major developers are in the cutting border of networking, encoding, and growing. Intellectual belongings buccaneering is a serious and financially violative offense. It helps increase the retail monetary value of music, package, and films. It is lead by the growing of engineering and the deficiency of Torahs against it. Equally long as there are people looking for a manner out of paying for something there will be rational belongings buccaneering. What is needed to be done is better security and encoding for digital informations, harsher Torahs, and an internet criterion for all states. ADigital usage of films flickers free address battle in case @ 7Aug 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.post # 64979 ; gazette.com/headlines/20000807dvdsuit1.asp KopyKatz hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kopykatz.com 13 Nov 2000 Napster. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.napster.com/win/download/ 13 Nov 2000 ANapster may be the King of Gross saless Spin @ 9 Nov 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.post # 64979 ; gazette.com/interact/20001109radin.asp Oz, Effy. Management Information System. Cambridge, MA: Course 2000 AVideo on demand: Any DVD film can be copied, sent online @ 6 Aug 2000http: //www.post # 64979 ; gazette.com/businessnews/20000806interact7.asp

Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Langue - Definition and Discussion

Langue - Definition and Discussion In linguistics, language as an abstract system of signs (the underlying structure of a language), in contrast to parole, the individual expressions of language (speech acts that are the products of langue). This distinction between langue and parole was first made by Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure in his Course in General Linguistics (1916). See more observations below. Also see: Linguistic CompetenceParoleSemioticsSignWhat Is Language?What Is Linguistics? Etymology:  From the French, language Pronunciation:  lahng Observations on Langue Saussure distinguished between; langue, the rules of sign system (which might be grammar) and- parole, the articulation of signs (for example, speech or writing), the sum of which is language:language langue parole While langue could be the rules of, say, English grammar, it does not mean parole always has to conform to the rules of standard English (what some people erroneously call proper English). Langue is less rigid than the phrase set of rules implies, it is more a guideline and is inferred from the parole. Language is often likened to an iceberg: the parole is visible, but the rules, the supporting structure, are hidden.(Nick Lacey, Image and Representation: Key Concepts in Media Studies. Palgrave, 1998) The language system [langue] is not a function of the speaking subject, it is the product which the individual registers passively; it never presupposes premeditation, and reflection only comes into it for the activity of classification which will be discussed later.(Ferdinand de Saussure, Course in General Linguistics, 1916; translated by Wade Baskin, 1959) Langue and Parole Langue/ParoleThe reference here is to the distinction made by the Swiss linguist Saussure. Where parole is the realm of the individual moments of language use, of particular utterances or messages, whether spoken or written, langue is the system or code (le code de la langue) which allows the realization of the individual messages. As the language-system, object of linguistics, langue is thus totally to be differentiated from language, the heterogeneous totality with which the linguist is initially faced and which may be studied from a variety of points of view, partaking as it does of the physical, the physiological, the mental, the individual and the social. It is precisely by delimiting its specific object (that is, of the langue, the system of the language) that Saussure founds linguistics as a science.(Stephen Heath, Translators Note in Image-Music-Text by Roland Barthes. Macmillan, 1988) Interdependency of Langue and Parole​Saussures Cours does not overlook the importance of reciprocal conditioning between langue and parole. If it is true that langue is implied by parole, parole, on the other hand, takes priority on two levels, namely that of learning and that of development: it is in hearing others that we learn our mother tongue; it manages to settle in our brain only after countless experiences. Finally, it is parole that makes langue develop: it is the impressions received by hearing others that alter our linguistic habits. Thus langue and parole are interdependent; the former is both the instrument and the product of the latter (1952, 27).(Claude Hagà ¨ge, On the Death and Life of Languages. Yale Univ. Press, 2009)

Sunday, February 23, 2020

In the communist manifesto karl marx states capital is... not a Essay

In the communist manifesto karl marx states capital is... not a personal, but a social power. Discuss what marx means by this - Essay Example In the book â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†, Karl Marx has shown the victory of the disciples of proletarian in the communist society. In the ancient period, all the powers of the old Europe were attracted towards the holy union in order to exercise the communism. The holy union was among the spies of German police and French radicals, Pope and Tsar and the Guizot and Metternich. During this period, it was highly realized by the Europeans that the communists must openly face the entire world and meet the study of communism with the policy of the party itself. Karl Marx had also stated that the capital is not a personal but a social power. A lucid explanation of this statement would be further discussed in the essay on the basis of the bourgeois, proletarians and the communists. Discussion on the Statement i.e. "Capital is... Not a Personal, But a Social Power" and Marx’s Use of the Word â€Å"Parasite† It has been a trend that the simple words ‘oppressorâ₠¬â„¢ and ‘oppressed’ have marked several histories of open fights, which ended with a revolution among the different classes of people in the society or destruction of a particular class of people. Likewise, the revolutionary action among the bourgeois and proletarians resulted in the abolition of the capitalists’ society and introduced communism in the society. Bourgeois and proletarians are the two major dimensions of the communists’ society in the ancient times. Bourgeois were the modern capitalists acting as the owner of the production activities and the employer of the labors. On the other hand, proletarians were the group of laborers who did not have their own modes of production and were compelled to sell their labor power to the bourgeois. At that period of time, bourgeois were holding the supreme power in the society as they were the middle class owners of the production activities and the labors. The labors were the proletarians who had no power in the society rather they were treated as the private labor of the bourgeois. The proletarians were compelled to sell their labors to the bourgeois in order to earn their living. The proletarians were suppressed by the bourgeois as they had no rights of property and self-esteem in that society. Nonetheless, it was frequently observed that the communists had represented the interests of the proletarians as a whole in the movement during their fight for the property and rights1. The communists had never opposed the other working class entities of the society. They always formed similar party to that of the working class. They served the similar aims of the party as the proletariat does. The distinction between the communists and the other working parties arrive on the basis of two of the grounds. The first base is that the communists had brought the common interest of the proletarians in light during their national fight in various countries. The other is that the communists were sig nifying the interests of all the parties in the movement as a whole during the stages of development of the proletarian society. These two characteristics of the communists not only made them different from the other working class parties in the world but they had also made them the most advanced party in the entire world. The communists had the similar aim to that of the proletarians. The aims of both these parties were end of the bourgeois superiority, development of proletariat into a class and invasion of the political

Friday, February 7, 2020

How EHR (Electronic Health Record) will benefit patients and Research Paper

How EHR (Electronic Health Record) will benefit patients and Healthcare providers - Research Paper Example of information at the point of care, 88% reporting improved clinical benefits while 75% reporting that EHRs allows them to deliver better patient care. The paper finally provides a conclusion and summary of how the adoption of EHRs can be enhanced. Our current society is so far a technology advanced society that is characterized by sophisticated computing technologies ever. This society has need radically transformed by the ever evolving digital technology. Majority of us use these devices daily which include web enabled devices, tablets, smartphones which have greatly transformed the way we communicate and interact on a daily basis. Additionally, technologies such as social-networking, mobile computing and cloud computing have enhanced the way we interact in the current society. The medical field is a very information rich field that greatly requires a steady, reliable flow to allow effective participation and service delivery. This flow of information is enabled by information systems and automation of the process in health care facilities. This makes the really needed information available whenever and wherever it is needed. The key to effective service delivery in many crucial sectors in the economy is currently dependent on the automation of the processes in these sectors. The health care provision is a vital sector in the economy that must be automated to effectively provide health care services. Health care facilities have been adopting automation and using information systems in the recent past. These systems are used for different purposes in these facilities given the diverse nature of the health facilities. Some of these systems include the Electronic Health Records systems. An electronic Health Record is defined as a digital version of the manual patient card, sheet or chart. The Electronic Heath Records are patient centered records that are real time and make availability of information to authorized users instant and timely. The use of these

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Kant Deontological Theory Essay Example for Free

Kant Deontological Theory Essay The Formula of Humanity- Act so that you use humanity, whether in your own person or that of another, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means. The Formula of the Kingdom of Ends- Act in accordance with the maxims of a member giving universal laws for a merely possible kingdom of ends. The moral duty is what we should be doing. Good is defined as doing what is right and avoiding doing wrong. We have a duty to act in such a way that our actions are moral even if it produces unfavourable results. What is good, according to Kant â€Å"Nothing is good but a good will†. (Good intentions). It is good to be creative or to have good fortune with good outcomes the world becomes a better place. Goodwill is having the good intention to perform one’s duty. The consequences of our actions do not make an action good but rather the goodwill. What is having a good will? Kant proposes that when someone acts out of goodwill that is when someone is acting out of duty. According to Kant â€Å"Duty should be done for the sake and duty alone†. How do we know our duty in a certain situation? Duty has nothing to do with a certain situation or what happens all that matters is the decision is good and the outcome is good. Kant suggests act as if our decision applies to all people at all times. It is always in order to tell lies if the outcome is favourable? Kant would disagree with this. When we act purely out of duty we act reasonably in a manner that we fulfil our duties. Having goodwill is to perform one’s duty It is our duty to do our duty even though we might not be rewarded in this life but we will be rewarded in the next life. Deontological Ethics. Kant Deontological theory of ethics it is linked to moral law of ethics, especially that branch dealing with duty, moral obligation, and right action. Origin: 1820–30; Greek deont- that which is binding (stem of deo) (Websters Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913), edited by Noah Porter. ) The word deontology comes from the Greek word meaning duty (deon) and science (or study) of (logos). In moral philosophy, deontological ethics Ethical are theories that maintain that the moral rightness or wrongness of an action depends on its intrinsic qualities. (Websters Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913), edited by Noah Porter). A Quote from Kant â€Å"Awe and wonder fills the mind†. â€Å"Starry heavens a metaphor (scientific absolutism) above and the moral law within†. Like gravity and science these are laws which are absolute as well as moral laws. We have a choice we can all still identify the moral law: e. g. do not steal. Kantian deontological theory of ethics is an absolutes theory something which is considered wrong i. e. suicide will always be wrong. Kant argues that morality is rooted in reason; he states that the demands of morality are unconditional or categorical and it presupposes freedom, we have a choice and can identify and rationally identify morality. Kant states that morality must be unconditional it has to be categorical. Kant distinguishes between categorical imperatives from hypothetical ones. The categorical imperative is not about desires or goals but rather about personal well-being. Categorical imperatives are absolute and universal. Categorical imperative is necessary truth and cannot be without self-contradiction or irrationality. The Universal Law Act only in accordance with that maxim through that at the same time, will that it become a universal law. One’s actions must be universal. The Universal law is that one should act on the maxim a law which can become a universal law in nature when acceptable and sustainable. We know that lying and stealing is wrong. If everyone did this society would fail. Perfect duties are without exceptions, but we understand that torture and suicide is always wrong. Suicide is always wrong if this was universalized society would fail. We know that making False Promises that cannot be fulfilled, is always wrong if we cannot regard this as a universal law society would fail. Breaking promises when it in my interest he states that this inconsistent and therefore cannot be a moral imperative. Imperfect duties is seeking the perfection of our duties are contradictions to our will. We ought to be seeking to promote the happiness of others. We understand that this is not always possible. He does not exclude pleasure in doing duty, but that pleasure should not be the guide to what one’s duty is. What is duty? Kant says â€Å"Duty is the necessity of acting from respect for the Law†: Kant believes that duty should be crowned in the end with happiness. Obedience he says is a maxim that is universally binding as a law to all rational beings. Treat humans as ends to themselves and should respect and never to treat others as a means to an end but only as an end. This means that we should respect others, because every human possesses an intrinsic value. We are to consider whether our actions are moral and acceptable. Kant argues that morals are about following the rules. Kant moral theory can be summarised in two ways Kant argues that we all have a choice that we can all identify the moral law. The Categorical Imperative Kant designed the Categorical imperative as a framework used to make moral law, which states that one must do what one expects other to do in a similar situation. The Categorical Imperative is the central concept in Kant’s ethics and the groundwork to Metaphysics of Morals. It is based to the â€Å"supreme principle of morality† (4:392), from which all our moral duties come from. He believed that moral requirements were based on a standard of rationality and he named this the Categorical Imperative. By using the Universal Imperatives we use our reason (as long as it is not corrupted) to guide us in a path which is morally virtuous. He states that we should act according to the maxim by which you can at the same time will that it becomes a universal law. Kant uses the example of a person who lends money and is unable to repay the loan. He states that this cannot be a universal law people will no longer believe each other and no person will lend money to another. This can be explained in three ways The Universal Law means that one should act on an action which can be sustained. It is important that we should consider if an action is right or wrong. This action will eliminate selfish action towards other human beings. Imperfect Duties Imperfect duties to seek the happiness of other people this cannot completed always. The moral law will most certainly collapse if everyone told lies and were to steal. It is expected of one to perform ones duty in every way. The Kingdom of Ends is in accordance with the maxims of a member giving universal laws for a merely possible kingdom of ends is an ideal society every person must act in such a way that it benefits the greater number of people for the greater good. Every person should act in such a way as if the person through their maxim were universal lawmakers as members in the universal kingdom of ends. One cannot say I will kill myself out of love; this is acceptable and cannot be regarded as a universal law. He argues that humans have an intrinsic worth, and occupy a special place in creation, therefore people are to be treated with respect and dignity because we should understand that we are all rational agents. We possess the freedom to make our own decisions set targets and guide our conduct by reason. He believes that God is the Supreme Being speaking through our conscious. Therefore Gods existence although it remains unproven it is necessary in order for Kant’s ethical theory to be sound. He states that is freedom and immortality. â€Å"God is the law giver to be obeyed† Kant argues that there must be a God and an after-life since it would be intolerable if there were no reward. Kant states that if humans were to disappear from the planet the moral dimension would disappear too. Critique on Kant’s theories: Humans are motivated by pleasure and not only by reason. The question is it possible to act unselfishly, it is necessary to take consequences into consideration. Kant ethics places great emphasises on lying as a form of wrong. He fails to offer an understanding of conflict between different duties, Kant theories does not take into consideration social conditioning and free will. I disagree with Kant that feelings are subjective and selfish and find that he focuses too much on pure practical moral reason he excludes feeling and desires. Kant tries to combine ethics with reason but this seems unrealistic as the concept of reason does not exist in isolation from human beings and their feelings and actions. Ref: Jorge J. Gracia E, Gregory M, Reichberg and Bernard, Schumacher N. The Classics of Western Philosophy, (Blackwell Publishing Ltd). 2004. Ref: Mc Coy A. An Intelligent Person’s Guide to Christian Ethics, Continuum. London , New York Ref: http://www. slideshare. net/t0nywilliams/kant-9170093.